10.21253/DMU.7675736.v1 Geoff Smith Geoffrey Smith Yowwares Jeeraruangrattana (dmu email) Yowwares Jeeraruangrattana (dmu email) Smith (2018) Podium presentation at "Freeze Drying of Pharmaceutical and Biologicals", Sept 18 - 21, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany De Montfort University 2019 lyophilization primary drying ice interface temperature heat transfer coefficient TVIS Through Vial Impedance Spectroscopy impedance spectroscopy Pharmaceutical Sciences 2019-06-07 00:09:54 Conference contribution https://figshare.dmu.ac.uk/articles/conference_contribution/Smith_2018_Podium_presentation_at_Freeze_Drying_of_Pharmaceutical_and_Biologicals_Sept_18_-_21_Garmisch-Partenkirchen_Germany/7675736 Podium presentation by Geoff Smith at the conference "Freeze-Drying of Pharmaceuticals and Biologics" in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, Sept 18-21 2018. <div> The presentation describes the use of a dual-electrode, through vial impedance spectroscopy (TVIS) method for the determination of drying rates and the prediction of ice interface and ice base temperatures from which the single vial heat transfer coefficient was calculated.</div>